Which theorists are considered a preface to the group movement?

• A. Marsha Linehan.
• B. Alfred Adler and Jesse B. Davis.
• C. Sigmund Freud.
• D. C. G. Jung.

Answer: (B)

Understanding the roots of the group work movement means recognizing two figures whose work helped shape how groups are used in counseling and education. Alfred Adler stressed social connectedness and the idea that people grow through cooperative problem solving within a group. He showed how the feedback, norms, and mutual help inside a group can address personal difficulties that are linked to social context. Jesse B. Davis, on the other hand, introduced formal group guidance in schools, organizing students into groups to talk about common issues and learn from peers. This built the practical framework for planned, educational group processes and demonstrated how group settings can support development and problem-solving on a broader scale. Together, their contributions laid the groundwork for the group movement by moving toward structured, group-based learning and support rather than only individual, one-on-one work. The other theorists listed are more associated with individual therapies or approaches that do not directly preface the group movement in counseling.