Strategies that approach the group as a whole are known as

• A. Vertical interventions
• B. Horizontal interventions
• C. Crossed transactions
• D. Parallel transactions

Answer: (B)

Strategies that approach the group as a whole are horizontal interventions. This approach targets the group process itself—how members interact, the norms and climate of the group, leadership dynamics, and how the group functions collectively to accomplish its goals. The focus is on everyone together, using activities and discussions that involve all members and foster shared learning, cohesion, and accountability.

In contrast, vertical interventions concentrate on individuals or subgroups within the group, working privately or in smaller clusters to address personal issues or concerns. The other terms describe interaction patterns within the group: parallel transactions are complementary and facilitate smooth, constructive exchanges, while crossed transactions involve mismatches that can derail communication. Since the aim is to influence the group’s functioning as a unit, horizontal interventions are the most appropriate approach.